QUOTED AND REPORTED

1.      Bob said to me,” Mary is craying on my shoulder at the moment.”

Answer:

Bob said to me that mary was crying on his shoulder at the moment

2.      Tom said to me,” I don’t want to eat this food.”

Answer:

Tom said to me that he didn’t want to eat this food.

3.      Mary said to me,” I called my friend yesterday.”

Answer:

Mary said to me that she had called her friend the day before.

4.      Bill said to me,” the children are planning to go to that new museum now.”

Answer:

Bill said to me that the children were planning to go to that new museum then

5.      Tom said to me,” I haven’t called mary since yesterday.”

Answer:

Tom said to me that he hadn’t called mary since the day before

6.      Joe said to me that he had been sitting there next to my house since two hours before

Answer:

Joe said to me,“ I has been sitting there next to your house since two hours before”

7.      John said to mary that he had written all of their stories in his new book.

Answer:

John said to mary, “ I has written all of their stories in my new book.”

8.      Jane said to me that she created her new painting in my room.

Answer:

Jane said to me,” I create my new painting in your room.”

9.      Tom said to me that he spent his time in this room

Answer:

Tom said to me “ I  spend my time in this room”

10.  Bob said to me that anne didn’t put the dictionary on that table

Answer:

Bob said to me “ anne don’t put the dictionary on that table”

A GOOD PRINCESS

In a far country there is a village called morganta village, the village was very beautiful and there are also abundant resources. Its people live in peace and prosperity. there are a very stately palace and very beautiful. In the palace there lived a king mike and queen isabela. They had 3 princess who are very beautiful and kind other than that they are very loved by his subjects

The first princess he named princess jennifer a very subtle and understated than that he was also very good cook of the palace guards and servants were very fond of her second daughter later named her princess Rania very clever sing besides, he's also very rude to anybody and the last one Mitha youngest  princess she is very clumsy but she is very generous. although they are all very different in character but they love each other and protect each other. Activities which they can not leave every afternoon are gathered together in the back garden, drinking tea palace accompanied by eating cakes made by the princess jennifer, where they talked with a laugh.

On a sunny morning came their cousin named violet. Violet came to vacation at a time to meet with the princess jennifer, Rania and violet Mitha but it has properties that are not good he was very selfish, angry and very arrogant. Proof only he was always scolding palace aide and always ordered a "quick take my luggage!" Said violet. A violet when they plan to make a big fight with mejelek-jelekan way of each other. "Hi jennifer you know your sisters said no cooking is very bad and they pretend to tell you that feeling that you're not angry," said Violet, "What are you serious? Why do they say such a thing? "Said jennifer. Then jenifer violet leaves with a very angry state. Not long after meeting with the princess violet Mitha "going where you are?" Asked violet "I want to help older sister Jennifer in the kitchen" said Mitha. "What are you serious? Whereas earlier jeniffer says she does not want you to help him because you were too careless and will be making jennifer later "violet said, without much talk Mitha go and plan to meet with jennifer

By Rania secretly turns attention to violet behavior which have plans that are not kind to him and his brother, and Rania saw jennifer and Mitha fight in the park. while violet is proud and happy to fight jennifer and Mitha from afar. "There is this why you guys fight like this?" Said Rania "you asked Mitha course!" Said jennifer. "As long as you know I plan to help jennifer but what he said to the violets she said I was careless and I'm only going to bother him" said Mitha. "What? Violet? He also says if you had told me I was not good food "said jennifer. They could then conclude that the violets are deliberately doing this to them.
"Now see this obvious act of violet, come on we need to talk to" said Rania then they went into the bedroom violet to ask for an explanation. "Sorry I'm sorry I'm just envious of you guys" violet said, "let us forgive because you are our cousins" said jennifer. Apparently violets do all that because he was envious of his cousins ​​who were always together and love each other it also is because he does not have any friends. Then they hugged each other and they all went to the park to enjoy a sunny afternoon and violet also promised not to do it again

Adverbial clause

An adverbial clause is a clause that functions as an adverb. In other words, it contains a subject (explicit or implied) and a predicate, and it modifies a verb.

• I saw Joe when I went to the store. (explicit subject I)
• He sat quietly in order to appear polite. (implied subject he)

According to Sidney Greenbaum and Randolph Quirk, adverbial clauses function mainly as adjuncts or disjuncts. In these functions they are like adverbial phrases, but due to their potentiality for greater explicitness, they are more often like prepositional phrases (Greenbaum and Quirk,1990):

• We left after the speeches ended. (Is it an adverbial clause, adverbial phrase, or prepositional phrase?)
• We left after the end of the speeches.(Is it an adverbial clause, adverbial phrase, or prepositional phrase?)

Contrast adverbial clauses with adverbial phrases, which do not contain a clause.

• I like to fly kites for fun

Kinds of adverbial clauses

1.      Times clauses

These clauses are used to say when something happens by referring to a period of time or to another event.

when, before, after, since, while, as, as long as, until,till, etc. (conjunctions that answer the question "when?"); hardly, scarcely, no sooner, etc.

example

·           Shut the door before you go out.

·           You may begin when(ever) you are ready.

·           While he was walking home, he saw an accident.

·           By the time I arrive, Alex will have left. No sooner had she entered than he gave an order.

2.      Conditional clauses

These clauses are used to talk about a possible situation and its consequences

if, unless, if, even if, unless, in the even that, or in even that, in case, provided (that), providing (that), on condition that, if only, suppose (that), supposing (that), dll.

example

·           If I see him, I will invite him to the party tomorrow.

·           She would forgive her husband everything, if only he would come back to her.

·           Suppose (that) your house burns down, do you have enough insurance to cover such a loss.

·           In case a robbery occurs in the hotel, the management must be notified at once.

3.      Purpose clauses

These clauses are used to indicate the purpose of an action.

(in order) that, so that, in the hope that, to the end that, lest, in case, dll.

Example

·           They went to the movie early (in order) to find the best seats.

·           She bought a book so (that) she could learn English

·           He is saving his money so that he may take a long vacation.

·           I am working night and day in the hope that I can finish this book soon.

4.      Reason clauses

These clauses are used to indicate the reason for something.

because, since, as, given

example

·         Because he was sleepy, he went to bed.

·         Since he's not interested in classical music, he decided not to go to the concert.

·         As she had nothing in particular to do, she called up a friend and asked her if she wanted to take in a movie.

·         Inasmuch as the two government leaders could not reach an agreement, the possibilities for peace are still remote.

5.      Result clauses

These clauses are used to indicate the result of something

So, that, , so that, in the hope that, to the end that, lest, in case

Example

·           They went to the movie early (in order) to find the best seats.

·           She bought a book so (that) she could learn English

·           He is saving his money so that he may take a long vacation.

·           I am working night and day in the hope that I can finish this book soon.

6.      Concessive clauses

These clauses are used to make two statements, one of which contrasts with the other or makes it seem surprising

 although, though, even though, whereas, even if, in spite of, as the time

example

·           As the time you were sleeping, we were working hard.

·           Mary wanted to stop, whereas I wanted to go on.

·           Although it is late, we'll stay a little longer.

·           He is very friendly, even if he is a clever student.

7.      Place clauses

These clauses are used to talk about the location or position of something.

where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere, etc. (conjunctions that answer the question "where?")

example

·           They sat down wherever they could find empty seats

·           The guard stood where he was positioned.

·           Where there is a will, there is a way.

·           Where there is poverty, there we find discontent and unrest.

8.      Clauses of manner

These clauses are used to talk about someone's behaviour or the way something is done.

as, like, the way

example

·           He did as I told him.

·           You may finish it how you like.

·           They may beat us again, like they did in 1978.

9.      Clauses of exclamation

Exclamations are used to express anger, fear, shock, surprise etc. They always take an exclamation mark (!).

what a(an), how, such, so

example

·           What horrible news!

·           How fast she types!

·           You lucky man!

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